Lebanon Humanitarian Update: UN OCHA says returns to origin areas are continuing but slower as hostilities persist; since the Israel–Hezbollah escalation in early March, 741,000 people have returned while 412,000 remain displaced, including 30,000 in collective shelters, and less than half of a $640m flash appeal has been secured. Lebanon Security & Arms Control: Germany’s foreign minister proposes an EU-mandated force to replace UNIFIL to avoid a security vacuum, amid ongoing Israel–Lebanon ambassador-level talks in Rome and Israel’s insistence on keeping troops in occupied areas. Lebanon–Israel Framework Deal Under Strain: Experts warn the June framework agreement could be undermined by Hezbollah’s rejection and continued Israeli operations, with past ceasefires showing hostilities often resume after temporary intervals. Lebanon State Capacity: Reporting highlights President Joseph Aoun’s upcoming Washington visit and the political challenge of enforcing a state monopoly on arms while pushing for implementation of the framework deal. Regional Trade/Energy Pressure: Reuters says Iran has urged Yemen’s Houthis to close the Red Sea to shipping if the US hits Iran’s power network, raising risks for global oil routes via Bab al-Mandeb. US–Israel Aid Politics: In the US House, more than 100 Democrats backed cutting $3.3bn in military aid to Israel, signaling a widening split over policy as the debate spills into broader political pressure. Local Enforcement: Lebanese army raids in Baalbek arrested suspects and seized weapons and drugs.